GERMAN: I. Welche Freiheit meinen wir? Eine kleine Kartographie1. Sprichwö rtlich fü r die Verschiebungen im Freiheitsbegriff ist die Aussage Hegels, in den Herrschaftsformen des Alten Orient sei einer frei gewesen, in Rom einige, erst in den republikanischen Verfassungsstaaten der Neuzeit seien es alle. 1 Auch in der griechischen Philosophie ist Freiheit (eleutheria) zunä chst nicht der bestimmende Begriff. Ihre Bedeutung der Freiheit dringt in der griechischen Philosophie erst nach und nach zutage.....

US Network Centric Warfare is one of the threats lying ahead of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To deal with such a threat, recognizing the Network Centric Warfare (NCW) and its main criteria are fundamental issues that must be examined from different perspectives. The multiplicity of interdependencies, feedbacks and direct and indirect interactions between components and criteria of network centric operations, has turned the comparison and evaluation to a complicated problem. To tackle this complex problem, in this paper we used dematel's method. The level of influence, impact, degree of importance, and causal relationship of criteria to each other are evaluated. Based on data analysis, individual sensemaking and quality of information, are the most influential criteria. The degree of shared sensemaking is the most effective criterion and agility, individual sensemaking and synchronization follow next in rank. In terms of the importance of criteria that are somehow centroid in terms of impact, sensemaking has the highest rank and then the quality of information and interactions between the forces and their allies have the next rank. From the perspective of the cause and effect relationship, the quality of information criteria has the highest rank as a " cause" and effectiveness and agility as " effects". The achievements of this strategic assessment can be focused on prioritizing active and passive regions in the network centric battle scene. Confirming the cyber-electronic experts’ opinion, another important achievement is the effectiveness of the role and status of cyber-electronic capabilities in the network centric operation battle scene, which needs to be assessed accurately. Simulation and data analysis have been done in MATLAB software.

One of the important issues in project management is project portfolio selection. Issue of project selection and related activities is one of the important activities in most of organizations, especially contract companies and developing project centered companies. Issue of project choosing is a periodical activity for choosing suitable portfolio from suggested projects or organizational in process projects which enforce organizational goals in a desirable manner , without spending additional sources or / and neglecting other limitations .. In project portfolio selection, the most important issue which bring up is that this portfolio should conclude which projects. As much as project portfolio selection be more advisable, fulfillment of organization duties would be more probable. In choosing this combination, distinguishing opportunities, assessing amount of project cooperation with goals and organization structure and expenses, profit analysis and project risks has a great importance.In this research has been used from qualitative and quantitative assimilated approach for project portfolio selection. In a way that at first we use DEMA TEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to selection criteria and then with use Data Envelopment Analysis and criteria that selected in previous stage, calculate the efficiency for each project and rank all of them.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the illusion of conspiracy among auditors using the dematel method. To delve deeper and gain a better understanding of the subject, in addition to theoretical foundations, interviews have been used for further comprehension. Then, quantitative approaches are employed to validate the qualitative results. This study adopts a mixed-method approach. As the research is primarily based on qualitative methodology, particularly employing the grounded theory strategy. The temporal scope of this study spans from the year 1399 to 1402. The statistical population in the qualitative section comprises independent auditors in the auditing organization. In this research, semi-structured interviews have been used to uncover deep insights for identifying indicators of the illusion of conspiracy. Sampling was conducted using snowball sampling technique, comprising 12 main themes and 40 sub-themes. The quantitative section utilized the dematel method. The statistical population in this aspect consists of all official accountants in Golestan province. The sample includes official accountants with a minimum of ten years of experience and at least a master's degree. Twenty individuals were selected as the sample. dematel, utilizing expert judgments in extracting system factors and systematic structuring, presents a hierarchical structure of factors within the system along with their interrelated effects. To achieve this, a fuzzy dematel questionnaire was designed, and provided to experts, and ultimately, the intensity and relationships between the illusion of conspiracy among auditors and its significance were examined.

Nowadays stakeholders and public awareness have increased the pressure on companies for environmental issues. Thus, green supply chain management (GSCM) seems vital for companies' environmental compliance and business growth. Companies continuously seek novel ideas and methods, that can enable them to obtain and/or maintain environmental sustainability. Greening the supply chain is one such innovative idea that rapidly spreads in the industry. The traditional internal measures, such as performing waste-reduction strategies, installing pollution control technologies, substituting hazardous-materials with environmentally friendly ones, are becoming less important as companies strive to find more innovative solutions. Accordingly, the main objective of the present study is to find interrelationship among green supplier criteria. For this to happen, we investigated experts' opinions through nominal group technique (NGT) to find out the interrelationship and causal preferences of the green supplier evaluation aspects using Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (dematel) method. A numerical example demonstrates the application of the proposed model.

Even though dams have many social benefits, it also has caused social, economic, environmental and technical management risks along time. Due to the fact that the dam is considered a great phenomenon in nature, its effects on the environment are extensive. One of the issues that must be investigated during the operation of dams is the negative environmental effects in the dam construction area. The negative environmental effects of dams are including sedimentation in the dam's reservoir and lake, intensification of erosion in the downstream lands, inundation of agricultural lands due to rise of the underground water level. The effects of the mentioned risks for dam construction may be irreparable. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of social, economic, technical management and environmental risks affected by the construction of dams on the watershed. Decisions related to the management of these dams require recognize the dangers and risks in the dam and prioritize them. Dam construction projects are more risky than other projects due to the high credits and time spent on their construction. Using multi-criteria decision-making methods is a suitable tool for evaluating different risks in these dams. In this study, the combined dematel-ANP method is used to identify the relationships between risk criteria and sub-criteria and prioritize them. So, four criteria and 42 sub-criteria were determined to evaluate different risks in Mamloo, Taleghan and Lar dams and the network relationships between them were determined. The results show that the employment sub-criterion in economic criterion with a weight of 0.0720 has the highest risk and the land acquisition sub-criterion in management technical criterion with a weight of 0.0029 has the lowest risk compared to all sub-criteria.

The research purpose was to identifying a model of factors affecting human resource outsourcing (HRO) in Maroon Petrochemical Company. The research is considered practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory based on mixed method, in terms of data collection. The statistical population was experts and experts of Maroon petrochemical company in the field of human resources. The number of these people was reported 15. For data analysis, interpretive-structural modeling was used. The results showed that the variables of increasing flexibility, decreasing organizational costs and improving creativity have an independent role in the model and on the intermediary and dependent variables of the model have a significant effect. The dependent variables of the model were: decrease of technology investment, gaining the good image and increasing security, in addition to the independent variables mentioned, influenced by the intermediary variables including factors product quality development, increasing the change need, increasing technological changes and the use of new technology, focusing more on core activities, achieving new capabilities, improving operational performance, using educational services, acquiring new experiences, providing new services, improving management, risk management and Agility organization.

This work incorporates the dematel-MABAC method for quantifying the potential of roof fall in coal mines by means of the coal mine roof rating (CMRR) parameters. For this purpose, considering the roof weighting interval as a quantitative criterion for the stability of the roof, the immediate roof falling potential was quantified and ranked in 15 stopes of Eastern Alborz Coal Mines Company. In this regard, on the basis of the experts’ judgments, the fuzzy dematel method was used for designation weights of the parameters, and the MABAC method was incorporated to quantify and rank the stopes (alternatives). “ UCS of roof” and “ joint spacing” in the immediate roof were found to be the most important parameters that controlled roof falling in stopes; and “ joint persistence” was also found to be a quite significant parameter. Finding confirms that overall strength of rood rock mass plays a main role in the falling potential. Comparison of the coefficients of determination (R2) between the weighting interval and proposed model with that and original CMRR indicated more than 15% increase, which represented that the new proposed model was more accurate to quantify roof quality. The findings of this work show that using this combined method and specializing the CMRR method for a given mine geo-condition to assess the quality of the roof and its potential of collapse possesses a higher performance when compared with the original CMRR method.